安装Debian12后的必要操作 • 仙人掌主题

修改IP地址

1、修改时区 😄

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

2、编辑配置文件

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

按如下参考修改

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# 主网卡 - 改成静态IP
auto ens3                  # 改成你的网卡名
iface ens3 inet static
address 192.168.10.123
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.10.1
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

Ctrl+O→Enter→Ctrl+X保存

3、重启网络服务

sudo systemctl restart networking

开启root账户登录

# 用普通用户登录后
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 找到这行（或加进去）
PermitRootLogin yes          # 改成 yes
# 或 PermitRootLogin prohibit-password  → 只允许密钥，不允许密码

# 保存后重启
sshsudo systemctl restart ssh

修改apt源为国内源

1、先备份

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2、清空并写入阿里云apt源

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

3、更新索引

sudo apt update

为系统添加http代理（可选）

sudo nano /etc/environment

http_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:7890"
https_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:7890"
no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,::1"

改完后要么重启终端，要么source ~/.bashrc立即生效。